1. What was the primary significance of the 1966 "White Paper" published by the National Academy of Sciences?

It established the four-level EMS certification system It documented the inadequacy of emergency care and called for organized EMS development It authorized paramedics to perform advanced interventions It created the National Registry of EMTs

2. Which of the following is within the scope of practice for an EMT but NOT an EMR?

CPR and AED use Bleeding control with tourniquets Patient transport by ambulance as the primary crew Assisted epinephrine auto-injector

3. The term "continuum of care" refers to:

The series of protocols an EMT must follow on every call The full sequence of events from illness/injury through recovery, of which EMS is the entry point The process of quality improvement review after a call The relationship between BLS and ALS units responding together

4. Basic Life Support (BLS) does NOT typically include:

Oxygen administration AED use Endotracheal intubation Spinal motion restriction

5. An EMT's scope of practice is defined by:

The EMT's personal experience and judgment alone Their certification level and their state's laws and protocols The wishes of the patient on each call The receiving hospital's protocols